Every pair of objects is gravitationally attracted to each other. You are not able to attract very large objects, but sometimes you may find dust “orbiting” you.
If you know the orbital period for a planet, can you find out the planet’s distance from the Sun? Does the same thing apply conversely? (Assuming you know the planet’s distance from the Sun, can you figure out its orbital period?)
The length of a day is related to how quickly a planet rotates, and a year is determined by how long it takes for the planet to orbit once around the sun.
How would scientists use cameras to observe different layers of the Sun? Hint: Different temperatures are associated with different wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum!